ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated)
Description:
Reacts with Breast Carcinomas. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) (ATM - for AT mutated) is a rare genetic multisystem recessive disorder. Recombinant ATM protein phosphorylates p53 on serine 15 near the N-terminus, thereby contributing to the activation and stabilization of p53 during the IR.
Application:
- Western Blotting (Not suitable)
- Immunohistology (Formalin/paraffin)(Use Ab at 1-2µg/ml for 30 min at RT)
- Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10mM citrate buffer, pH 6.0, for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 min.
-THE OPTIMAL DILUTION SHOULD BE DETERMINED BY THE INDIVIDUAL LAB.
Immunogen:
Recombinant human ATM protein
Cellular Localization:
Nuclear
Species Reactivity:
Human and Mouse. Others not tested.
Recommended Positive Control:
Breast Carcinomas
Epitope:
C-terminal
Presentation:
200ug/ml of antibody purified from ascites fluid by Protein G chromatography. Prepared in 10mM PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.2% BSA and 0.09% sodium azide. Also available without BSA and azide at 1mg/ml.
Storage:
Refrigerate at 4°C. Do not freeze.
Material Safety Data:
This product is not licensed or approved for administration to humans or to animals other than the experimental animals. Standard Laboratory Practices should be followed when handling this material. The chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of this material have not been thoroughly investigated. Appropriate measures should be taken to avoid skin and eye contact, inhalation, and ingestion. The material contains 0.09% sodium azide as a preservative. Although the quantity of azide is very small, appropriate care should be taken when handling this material as indicated above. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health has issued a bulletin citing the potential explosion hazard due to the reaction of sodium azide with copper, lead, brass, or solder in the plumbing systems. Sodium azide forms hydrazoic acid in acidic conditions and should be discarded in a large volume of running water to avoid deposits forming in metal drainage pipes.
References:
1. Knittweis J: Med Hypotheses 1998;51(1):53-57.
2. Crawford TO: Semin Pediatr Neurol 1998 Dec;5(4):287-294.
3. Knittweis J: An ataxia telangiectasia model: inefficient cell differentiation and possible reversal by serine protease inhibitors, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, dexamethasone, and glutathione enhancers. Med Hypotheses 1998 Jul;51(1):53-57.
4. Crawford TO: Ataxia telangiectasia. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1998 Dec;5(4):287-294.
5. Takeuchi S, Koike M, Park S, Seriu T, Bartram CR, Taub HE, Williamson IK, Grewal J, Taguchi H, Koeffler HP: The ATM gene and susceptibility to ch ildhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1998 Nov;103(2):536-538.
6. Barlow C, Liyanage M, Moens PB, Tarsounas M, Nagashima K, Brown K, Rottinghaus S, Jackson SP, Tagle D, Ried T, Wynshaw-Boris A: Atm deficiency results in severe meiotic disruption as early as leptonema of prophase I. Development 1998 Oct;125(20):4007-4017.
7. Khanna KK, Keating KE, Kozlov S, Scott S, Gatei M, Hobson K, Taya Y, Gabrielli B, Chan D, Lees-Miller SP, Lavin MF: ATM associates with and phosphorylates p53: mapping the region of interaction. Nat Genet 1998 Dec;20(4):398-400.
8. Shiloh Y: Ataxia-tel angiectasia, ATM and genomic stability: maintaining a delicate balance. Two international workshops on ataxiatelangiectasia, related disorders and the ATM protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998 Oct 14;1378(2):R11-R18.
9. Takagi M, Delia D, Chessa L, Iwata S, Shigeta T, Kanke Y, Goi K, Asada M, Eguchi M, Kodama C, Mizutani S: Defective control of apoptosis, radiosens itivity, and spindle checkpoint in ataxia telangiectasia. Cancer Res 1998;58(21):4923-4929.
10. Westphal CH, Hoyes KP, Canman CE, Huang X, Kastan MB, Hendry JH, Leder P: Loss of atm radiosensitizes multiple p53 null tissues. Cancer Res 1998 Dec 15;58(24):5637-5639.
11. Banin S, Moyal L, Shieh S, Taya Y, Anderson CW, Chessa L, Smorodinsky NI, Prives C, Reiss Y, Shiloh Y, Ziv Y: Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science 1998;281(5383):1674-1677.
12. Matsuoka S, Huang M, Elledge SJ: Linkage of ATM to cell cycle regulation by the Chk2 protein kinase. Science 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1893-1897.
13. Hall EJ, Schiff PB, Hanks GE, Brenner DJ, Russo J, Chen J, Sawant SG, Pandita TK: A preliminary report: frequency of A-T heterozygotes among prostate cancer patients with severe late responses to radiation therapy. Cancer J Sci Am 1998 Nov-Dec;4(6):385-389.